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Ajithakumar, H. M.
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics and Prilled Fat Supplementation on Immune Genes Expression and Lymphocyte Proliferation of Transition Stage Karan Fries Cows
Authors
1 Division of Animal Physiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, IN
2 Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar - 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Veterinary World, Vol 11, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 209-214Abstract
Background and Aim: Probiotics are the living microorganism which when administered improves the digestion and health of the animal. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) improves the humoral and innate immunity of the animal. Prilled fat is a hydrogenated palm oil triglyceride which has been reported to promote the release of cytokines from macrophages. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of probiotic and prilled fat during transition stage in Karan Fries (KF) cows.
Materials and Methods: A total of 12 KF cows at 21 days prepartum were selected and divided into two groups of six animals each. The control group was fed as per the standard feeding practices and the supplemented group cows were supplemented daily with prilled fat at 100 g/cow, SC at 25 g/cow, and sweetener at 1 g/cow in addition to the standard feeding practices from −30 days of prepartum to 21 days of lactation. The sweetener was added to improve the palatability of the feed. The natural sweetener of an African plant leave had 105 times more sweetness than glucose with good aroma. The dry matter intake of the animal was recorded. Plasma samples were collected weekly from all cows for the analysis of blood metabolite beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA). Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood for studying the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and for estimating lymphocyte proliferation index (LPI).
Results: The upregulated IL-1β and TNF-α around calving might be possibly associated to the metabolic changes occurring during the transition period and suggest a higher degree of inflammation around parturition. High concentrations of BHBA caused increased expression and synthesis of the pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β in supplemented group in primary calf hepatocytes. The LPI was higher in supplemented group as compared to control which suggests a stimulatory effect of unsaturated fatty acids on mitogen-stimulated T-cell proliferation.
Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of probiotics, prilled fat, and sweetener alleviated negative energy balance by stimulating feed intake and modulating hepatic lipid metabolism; and both of these additives improved the postpartum health (antioxidant status and immune function) of transition dairy cows.
Keywords
Beta-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Crossbred Cows, Dry Matter Intake, Interleukin-1β, Lymphocyte Proliferation Index, Prilled Fat, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha.Full Text
- Effect of Antioxidants Supplementation on the Quality of Beetal Buck Semen Stored at 4°C
Authors
1 Division of Animal Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004, Haryana, IN
3 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004, Haryana, IN
4 Department of Livestock Production and Management, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004, Haryana, IN
5 Department of Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004, Haryana, IN
Source
Veterinary World, Vol 10, No 10 (2017), Pagination: 1184-1188Abstract
Aim: An experiment was designed to evaluate the role of Vitamin E and glutathione in improving the seminal parameters during hypothermic storage of liquid semen at 4°C for 72 h.Materials and Methods: Thirty-six semen ejaculates were collected by artificial vagina from 6 bucks (Beetal) during the normal reproduction season (September to November) at weekly interval. The samples were centrifuged, and the seminal plasma was removed. The sperm pellet was diluted with Tris-based extender and divided into three groups. Group T1:Control samples without antioxidants, Group T2:Samples supplemented with tocopherol at 3 mM, and Group T3:Samples supplemented with glutathione at 1 mM. The samples were evaluated for progressive motility, percent liveability, percent abnormal spermatozoa, and acrosome integrity after liquid preservation for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. The level of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes, namely, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated after liquid preservation for 0 and 72 h.
Results: It was observed that, after storage of semen at 4°C up to 72 h, the progressive sperm motility, percent liveability, percent abnormal spermatozoa, and percent intact acrosomes were significantly (p˂0.05) higher in group T2 and T3 samples as compared to control. However, the level of lipid peroxidation in T2 and T3 groups was significantly (p˂0.05) lower after 72 h of incubation at 4°C. Similarly, GPx and SOD values were significantly (p˂0.05) increased in T2 and T3 groups after 72 h of storage at 4°C.
Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that Vitamin E and glutathione supplementation at 3 mM and 1 mM, respectively, while preserving the semen samples at 4°C helped in maintaining the seminal parameters up to 72 h and protected the spermatozoa from oxidative damage.
Keywords
Beetal Buck, Glutathione and Liquid Preservation, Oxidative Stress, Semen, Seminal Parameters, Vitamin E.Full Text